Carbon monoxide (CO) is widely known as a toxic gas, capable of causing fatal poisoning by binding to hemoglobin and preventing oxygen transport. However, emerging research has uncovered potential therapeutic applications of CO at low, controlled doses. Studies suggest that CO can exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects, making it a possible candidate for treating conditions like sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and organ transplantation.

How CO Works in Medicine
Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Low-dose CO has been shown to reduce inflammation by modulating immune cell activity. This could be beneficial in conditions where excessive inflammation causes tissue damage.

Cytoprotection: CO can activate cellular stress response pathways that protect cells from damage, similar to hormetic effects seen in other low-dose stressors.

Vasodilation and Blood Flow Regulation: CO has been found to relax blood vessels, improving circulation in conditions involving ischemia (restricted blood flow), such as stroke or heart disease.

Risks and Challenges
While the therapeutic potential of CO is promising, challenges remain in delivering safe and effective doses. Researchers are exploring CO-releasing molecules (CORMs), which allow for controlled CO release in the body without toxicity. However, more clinical studies are needed before CO therapy can become a standard treatment